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Activity: Compare AChecker and WAVE
If you have had an opportunity to begin experimenting with the AChecker and/or WAVE automated accessibility review tools, consider these questions for self-reflection: What advantages/disadvantages...
View ArticleSelf-Test 3
Question 1 Please follow the directions below and then select all applicable options: Open a new browser window. Launch one of the one of the colour contrast testing tools presented in Unit 3. Once...
View ArticleIntroduction to Manual Testing Strategies
In addition to automated testing and testing with assistive technologies (AT), manual testing is an important part of web accessibility auditing. A number of simple manual tests will be introduced so...
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Objectives and Activities
Objectives By the end of this unit, you will be able to: Use manual accessibility tests to quickly identify potential barriers. Identify a variety of tools that can assist with web accessibility...
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Tab Key Navigation Test
The Tab Key Navigation test is often used with the “Select All” test (discussed on the next page) to confirm whether items that were not selected are keyboard operable, but this test can also be used...
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“Select All” Test
The “Select All” test can help identify elements in web content that are not keyboard accessible. The key command for “Select All” in Windows is Ctrl-A, and for Mac is Command-A. How to Perform a...
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Code Examination and Repair
Technical: The content on this page is intended for a technical audience. Toolkit: If your preferred browser is Firefox, you may wish to install Firefox for Developers, with extended developer tools....
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Media Review
Another element of web content that is typically examined manually is multimedia. There are three potential accommodations that can be found with various media: captions, audio description, and...
View ArticleOther Tools for Manual Testing
You may also find the following tools useful when auditing web accessibility. Though we won’t go into any detail here, you may optionally install these add-ons and extensions and explore their...
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Activity: Chrome Tools
For this activity you will need the Chrome web browser. Be sure to install it now if you have not already. You will need it in the next unit as well. Visit the Chrome Web Store using the Chrome web...
View ArticleSelf-Test 4
Question 1 The “Tab Key Navigation test” is useful for identifying a variety of potential barriers. From those uses listed below, select all that the Tab Key Navigation test would identify. Focus...
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Assistive Technology Testing
In this unit we will look more closely at assistive technology testing, and particularly testing with a screen reader, and in the next unit we will look at strategies for including people with...
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Objectives and Activities
Objectives By the end of this unit, you will be able to: Use basic features of desktop screen readers such as JAWS and NVDA. Use basic features of mobile screen readers such as VoiceOver and Talkback....
View ArticleScreen Reader Testing
In this course, we focus specifically on the ChromeVox screen reader add-on for the Chrome web browser because of its simplicity, support for standards, and its availability across platforms and being...
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Summary of Available Screen Readers
There are a variety of screen readers available for different operating systems, whether you are using Windows, Mac, Linux, iOS, or Android, and there are a few web-based screen readers. The more...
View ArticleOther Assistive Technologies
While screen readers are the most common assistive technology used in web accessibility testing, there are others that merit consideration when performing web accessibility audits. Fortunately, when AT...
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Activity: Using ChromeVox to Find Accessibility Features
NOTE: If you are a regular day-to-day screen reader user (i.e., you are blind or have significant vision loss) use your own screen reader for this activity instead of ChromeVox. Ideally, accessibility...
View ArticleSelf-Test 5
Question 1 According to the data from the WebAIM Screen Reader Survey, when it comes to screen readers commonly used, which of the following screen readers experiences the least usage? JAWS NVDA...
View ArticleUser Testing
While user testing is not a necessary element of a web accessibility audit, it can still be of value. This is because user testing can provide useful information about the usability of web content that...
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Objectives and Activities
Objectives By the end of this unit, you will be able to: Identify instances where user testing is needed. Recruit and screen user testers. Develop a test protocol, including observation and recording....
View ArticleInvolving User Testers
User testing in web accessibility auditing projects is a good idea, though who to include and when needs some thoughtful consideration. You should not attempt to generalize results when only a small...
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Recruiting User Testers
It’s relatively easy to find user testers through social media groups, disability and accessibility mailing lists, university accessibility services, or organizations that serve people with...
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Developing a Test Protocol
Thanks to some helpful referrals from her client, Lulu has reached out and contacted a number of people to assist with user testing. Now she is ready to plan her testing. To conduct your user testing,...
View ArticleRecording Observations
There are a range of ways you can record your own observations when watching user testers complete activities. You might use an informal strategy, like taking anecdotal notes, then expand on those...
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Activity: Finding User Testers
Spend a few moments with your favorite search engine and find agencies or resources in your area that might help you find people with disabilities to assist with user testing. Document three potential...
View ArticleSelf-Test 6
Question 1 When selecting user testers, which of the following prerequisite skills or knowledge should recruits have? Choose all that apply. Ability to read HTML Knowledge of WCAG Good understanding...
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Web Accessibility Reporting
Having greatly improved their awareness of how to identify and test for barriers in their web content, Lulu and her team quickly realized that proper documentation of this work would be necessary in...
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Objectives and Activities
Objectives By the end of this unit, you will be able to. Identify factors to be considered when choosing a type of audit. Perform a quick informal review. Produce a Template Audit. Produce a General...
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Choosing an Audit
Different situations will require different types of web accessibility audits or reviews. More detailed information on each type of review is provided in the pages that follow. However, here are some...
View ArticleInformal Reviews
An informal review is a quick scan of a website to identify obvious accessibility issues. While these reviews do not represent exhaustive audits, they are useful for a variety of purposes. Purpose of...
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Template Audit and Audit Walk-Through
A Template Audit is perhaps the most impactful of the different types of audits that will be discussed here. Purpose of Audit These audits focus on the common elements throughout a website, such as the...
View ArticleGeneral Audits
Purpose of Audit A General Audit is a review of a sample of content from the main content areas of a website, the results of which are generalized to the whole site. It is usually too time-consuming...
View ArticleDetailed Audits
A third type of web accessibility audit is a Detailed Audit. This type of audit is conducted on a particular feature of a website or on a particular process. All aspects of the accessibility of the...
View ArticleFollow-Up Audits
Purpose of Audit The final type of audit to be introduced here is a Follow-Up Audit, which occurs some time after the initial Template, General, or Detailed Audits have been issued. After the site’s...
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Tour of an Audit Report
In the unit Introduction to WCAG 2.0, you were introduced to the “Web Auditing Review Template” and the elements it contains. Here we will look more closely at the “WCAG 2.0 Review” elements of the...
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Activity: Lulu’s Lollipops Informal Review
Based on what you learned in this unit, conduct an informal review of the Lulu’s Lollipops website, and write a brief report (maximum two pages). Re-read the Sample Informal Review from earlier in this...
View ArticleSelf-Test 7
Question 1 Which of the following is not a type of audit that was covered in this Chapter? Please select all that apply. Informal Template Navigation Content General Detailed Follow-Up Question 2 What...
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Other Accessibility Standards
At a recent planning meeting with her management team, Lulu was reminded of one additional consideration with respect to her website. Lulu hopes to expand her business more widely to international...
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Objectives and Activities
Objectives By the end of this unit, you will be able to: Identify a range of accessibility guidelines and standards and relate them to relevant business contexts and jurisdictions. Activities Identify...
View ArticleWCAG Relation to International Web Accessibility Guidelines
The W3C Web Content Accessibility Guideline (WCAG 2.0) has become broadly accepted as the definitive source for web accessibility rules around the world, with many jurisdictions adopting it verbatim,...
View ArticleATAG: Authoring Tool Accessibility Guidelines
Authoring tools come in many forms. Some familiar web-based examples of authoring tools include blogs (e.g., WordPress), wikis (e.g., Mediawiki), content management systems (e.g., Drupal), learning...
View ArticleUAAG: User Agent Accessibility Guidelines
In cases where you may be auditing a browser application like Chrome or Firefox, a plugin, a web-based mobile app, or perhaps a video or audio player like Quicktime or Windows Media Player, UAAG 2.0...
View ArticleISO/IEC-24751 (AccessForAll)
Individualized Adaptability and Accessibility in E-Learning, Education and Training In 2008, the ISO/IEC (International Standards Organization/International Electrotechnical Commission) released the...
View ArticleWAI-ARIA: Web Accessibility Initiative – Accessible Rich Internet Applications
WAI-ARIA is perhaps the most significant web accessibility technology to come along since the introduction of WCAG 1.0. It allows developers of web applications or custom web interactivity to define...
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Activity: Web Accessibility in Your Part of the World
Spend a few moments researching relevant (if any) web accessibility compliance requirements in the jurisdiction where you live.
View ArticleSelf-Test 8
Question 1 Match the following accessibility rules and regulations with their respective jurisdictions: Ontario USA United Kingdom Italy France Australia Section 508 Disability Discrimination Act 1992...
View ArticleContent Recap
Congratulations! You have reached the end. The goal of Professional Web Accessibility Auditing Made Easy has been to build your knowledge and develop your skills so you will be able to: Audit the...
View ArticleAcknowledgements
This resource has been made possible with the help of many others. Funding for this project was provided by the Government of Ontario’s Enabling Change Program. Human resources were provided by the...
View ArticleWeb Accessibility Auditing Toolkit
Elements in Your Toolkit Toolkit: Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG 2.0) WCAG2 Review of the Canvas Lms [PDF] WCAG2 Review Template [doc] AChecker Web Accessibility Checker WAVE Chrome...
View ArticleIframe Embedding Content from this Resource
The pages of this open education resource (OER) can be embedded directly into existing web pages using a standard iframe, or using a tool like the H5P iframe embedder if available. Once embedded, the...
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